Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) present a unique capacity to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This phenomenon has prompted extensive investigation in diverse fields, including biomedical imaging, therapeutics, and optoelectronics. However, the probable toxicity of UCNPs poses considerable concerns that require

Lead sulfide nanoparticle dots (QDs) represent a fascinating class of materials with exceptional optoelectronic properties due to their unique size-dependent band gap. These QDs exhibit tunable absorption and emission spectra in the visible region, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications. Recent review delves into the diverse

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